Biosonar project 2009

Biosonar project 2009, originally uploaded by Antony Hall.

Biosonar project 2009

Biosonar project 2009, originally uploaded by Antony Hall.

Testing the sonar suit

Dodecahedral speaker in progress

IMG_6981, originally uploaded by Antony Hall.

Dodecahedral speaker in progress

Slime kit

Slime kit, originally uploaded by Antony Hall.

A mini slime kit for exploring polymers, i created this for someones birthday.

Echolocation

This is my ultrasonic sensor, during the first days of the radar residency i have been doing some experiments with this to find out how it works – essentially i am hoping to use it as a way of creating a human echo-locating device. essentially it seems that this measures the distance between an ultra-sound pulse and its echo. we connected this up to a oscilloscope to see how obstacles looked in terms of the sound reflection…

Apparently, Shrews are the only terrestrial mammals known to echo-locate [and the Tenrecs of Madagascar]. The shrews emit series of ultrasonic squeaks.

“Human echolocation is the ability of humans to sense objects in their environment by hearing echoes from those objects. This ability is used by some blind people to navigate within their environment. They actively create sounds, such as by tapping their canes or by making clicking noises with their mouths. Human echolocation is similar in principle to active sonar and to the animal echolocation employed by some animals, including bats and dolphins….Some blind people have described the phenomenon not as a learned method of navigation, but as an inherent and intuitive extra sense. For example, a blind person could walk past a line of trees and feel a “pressure” at their side as they passed each tree. The cause of this would be the echo of the sound of their footsteps; however, they may not consciously be aware of this mechanism, only that the phenomenon exists and can often be relied upon to detect obstacles.”

Pauls experiment investigates how dolphins detect sound using the jaw bone – this box has metal rods inside in a line [aproximatly representing the allignment of teeth in a jawbone] – so as the sound wave travels through the channel, the rods act as a filtering device – or at least that is the hypothesis [very briefly]. Apparently dolphins use their jawbone as a way of honing in on the direction of certain sounds.

Experiment with electric fish

Here are some of the latest images from the Enki project…

The main view of the experiment chamber. The Enki installation at Cornerhouse is now up and running. There are experiments by appointment every 15mins, and all the data is being collected.

It has taken me ages to make these comms units, they contain16 interconnecting cables within a noise reducing or shielded structure.

The Table has two monitors one from the fish room and one from the human room. You can speak to the person in the experiment via a mic.

Inside the sound proofed room for the human there is a chair and the sensor interface.

There is a window into the fish room on the side of the chamber

The room containing the fish is electrically shielded.

Neuro stimulation

For a while i have been looking at Michael Persinger God helmet experiment, I think the discussion around this experiment was really interesting, and for me has been an opportunity to investigate the realm of psychology further. I got in touch with him to ask some questions about the technology and the experimental process. I decided to make a modified version of the god helmet to work with my Enki interface. here is a view Inside the neuro-stimulation device there are 4 coils which oscillate with magnetic frequencies, i have been using MAX MSP to drive these using electrical pulses. The magnetic coils are fitted to an elastic band which fits over the head, to the back of the head is a junction box, and the two coil arrays sit at the side of the head near the temporal lobes.

Spectropia – toffee apples

This was amazing at the opening of Spectropia- the drinks were covered in foil [apparently to shield them from EM fields [many themes in the conference were to do with the potentially damaging effects of EM emissions] and these was a chef making toffee apples live! they looked so amazing who could resist. The funny thing was that as soon as you bite in to them you teeth get fused together with toffee making it impossible to speak for several minuets!

ART+COMMUNICATION 2008

X International festival for new media culture October 16 – 25, 2008 in Riga, Latvia

spectropica, originally uploaded by Antony Hall. This was defiantly one of the best festivals I have participated in so far, alongside the conference was an exhibition in this amazing space, in this image you see a quarter of the space. Though this i was introduced to the notion of ‘wave art’ which has been the theme of a series of, I think, 3 yearly events like this. The highlights were ‘LSP laser / sound performance’ Edwin van der Heideas,  well as, ‘ten Thousand Peacock Feathers in Foaming Acid’ , Evelina Domnitch, Dmitry Gelfand. No one was allowed to take photos in this event – but it was one of the most incredible things i have ever seen. They used powerful lasers projected through bubble membranes, creating large scale projections. We showed a demo of the enki project.

http://www.rixc.lv/08/en/festival/index.html#
Electromagnetic fields are biologically active. Emitting from every electronic device, electromagnetic fields affect our body and the living nature. They interact with the natural emissions and intersect the boundaries of our planet. Invisible and omnipresent, electromagnetic fields have become ghosts of the modern world…

The 10th edition of the “Art+Communication” festival, organised by RIXC, took place in Riga from October 16 – 25, 2008. Entitled SPECTROPIA.

Vampyroteuthis “vampire squid from hell” – Planet Earth

spectropica “Dreamachine” /2008/

spectropia, originally uploaded by Antony Hall.

Greg enjoys the brain machines at Spectrpia conference in Latvia 2008 presentation from 10111.ORG (Gianluca Ruggeri and Filippo Filliger) “Dreamachine” /2008/. The artists recreated some of the original devices and gave a presentation of the history of the dream machine. They also made screen printed templates for creating your own.

http://www.rixc.lv/08/en/exhibition/artists.html

ENTER, 3rd international festival for art science and new technology, Prauge

In 2007 I participated in ENTER 3, http://festival-enter.cz/index.php
organised in by CIANT, I never had a chance to blog it. I had two works here, one of which was a performance showing the BZ reaction, the other was the ENKI documentation at the french institute. The Performance was in a 15th century cellar space, beautiful arched ceilings. The problem was it was so cold the chemical reaction did not start. I had to block all the window spaces with cardboard, to try and keep at least some heat in.

The vampire quid was of inspiration to Louis Beck – I was lucky to see a show of his posters and publications last year at the Goethe institute…Having seen the vampire squid recently on utube it reminded me of the Louis Bec show I saw during the festival…

ON VAMPYROTEUTHIS INFERNALIS
Homage to Vilém Flusser

ENTER 3, 3RD INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL ART / SCIENCE / NEW TECHNOLOGIES enter3.org

blackghost knifefish

blackghost knifefish, originally uploaded by Antony Hall. Image by Elina Chauveaux

The fish in the installation, a great photo by Elina! these fish are quite hard to take a good photo of as they are black , behind glass and always moving around a bit.

auditory and optical illusions

This page from Diana Deutsch has some excellent examples of auditory illusions – This speech to song example is really suprising – you should take the time to listen to the mp3s provided…
http://www.acoustics.org/press/156th/deutsch.html

This page has some great interactive examples of optical and sonic illusions
http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/imager/contributions/flinn/Illusions/Illusions.html

and finally this one, its a bit silly but works really well,the ‘virtual Barbour’ shop or ‘hair cut’ you need to use headphones to listen to this one…
http://fn4.putfile.com/getfile/1202092920video1234sslash2523182989.mp3

Lionel-Porter Chemcraft Chemistry Lab, 1958

Lionel-Porter Chemcraft Chemistry Lab, 1958, originally uploaded by Chemical Heritage Foundation.

Last year I made some science kits for teachers, these were activity packs with instructional materials. This year I am looking at making art works based on kits for home tabletop experimentation. This site has some lush images of chemistry sets, in particular –I like this one…

Tabletop experiments

Tabletop experiments, originally uploaded by Antony Hall.

Experiments @ the big draw UCL 2008

iLog developments

check out the latest prototype iLog!!! Over the past few weeks the owl project have been developing some new iLogs – This is a test run before it is finally sealed up and polished…Tilt sensors help give a more physical interaction – you have to swing it about a bit to do any thing…The other Owls – Simon and steve currently working on ilogs with accelerometers…

Fully programmable USB connective.
3 controllers (One switchable to Light sensor)
4 directional tilt switching.
4 push buttons
2 Toggle switches
http://www.owlproject.com/

AquaJelly

A school of 40 AquaJellys in a large tank. The AquaJelly is an intelligent autonomous robot with bionic features.

air ray

Been doing some reserch into creating my own ROV type aquatic robot – found these excellent projects by FESTO a german company

Also there is an Air Jelly…
“FESTO AirJelly http://www.festo.com/cms/de_de/5890.htm This new concept of a jelly fish that flies through the air has been presented by Festo at the 2008 Hannover Messe in Germany. Please read out blogpost http://airshipworld.blogspot.com/2008/04/let-jelly-fish-…”

On the abundance of nematodes

In an effort to find some further information on nematodes, I found that they are the most abundant of all life forms; N A Cobb a nematologist writes on the abundance of nematodes…

	“If all the matter in the universe except the nematodes were swept away, our world would still be dimly recognizable, and if, as disembodied spirits, we could then investigate it, we should find its mountains, hills, vales, rivers, lakes and oceans represented by a thin film of nematodes. The location of towns would be decipherable, since for every massing of human beings there would be a corresponding massing of certain nematodes. Trees would still stand in ghostly rows representing our streets and highways. The location of the various plants and animals would still be decipherable, and, had we sufficient knowledge, in many cases even their species could be determined by an examination of their erstwhile nematode parasites.”
	— N.A.Cobb

Forgotten nematode experiment

Rummaging through boxes in my studio i found a lunch box containing the nematode culture my sister gave me for Christmas. It was an unusual present – a tub of yellowish slime smelling of vinegar. These nematodes feed on yeast. The growth medium is porridge oats and a bit of yeast to get it going.

The microscopic worms form tree like patterns as they creep up the sides of the container; writhing masses of worms form super highways; (branches) either to escape the saturated lower regions of the culture or in seeking of new food – i dont know yet. these branchlets seem to persist for quite a while.

I mixed up 3 cultures to with varying amounts of oats and yeast and water unfortunately i lost my notes and forgot about this since Christmas. I was pleasantly surprised to see that they were still fermenting & wriggling away in this tub with excellent results…

The original Tub showed stubby branches which did not go very high in the container. (originally these branches spread all over the inner surfaces) worms were still invisible.

Tub A and C pictured below..
Nematodes form into evenly spaces spots, clusters of tiny worms, around the inner surface. The worms are less than 1mm long but fairly active – in tub C the worms are inactive and form faint irregular branchings

Tub B
Had very active complex branchings, and the worms had grown to about 2mm!
There is an interesting dynamic with the movement.

In the film (which was made in a bit of a rush) you will notice that when the worm moves across free space & meets another worm they move against each other the seem temporarily magnetize to each other & sometimes to deflect trajectories. This has to be partly to do with capillary build up of liquids around the worms bodies. Perhaps it is easier to collectively amass to hold fluid together, perhaps making it easier to move and feed. I plan to do some time lapse of this…

Slime mold escapes

Simon Parks a microbiologist at University of Surrey, & represents & a “collective” of artists working with slime molds called the Physarum Dynamic. see http://www.unnecessaryresearch.org/

He sent me these amazing images of slime molds creeping over a book. apparently a laboratory accident of some kind – these molds try to escape the confines of the petri dishes given the chance. I would not like to fall asleep near one.

He as well as other members of the institute of unnecessary research have been keeping these as pets.
Simon also works with these ‘bio-fluids’ bacterium which appear to behave like fluids, rather than typical bacterial cultures which tend to propagate in circular growths. I am still not clear on the mechanism of this phenomena, But here is Simon’s take on it;

“This type of bacterium grows as a long chain of many thousands of individual rod-like cells. The chain is extended by the growth of individual bacteria within the chain and these generate a pushing motion. Single chains of bacteria, join together to form threads and the pulsing power is amplified. I think this is how the waves are generated with whole masses of bacterial threads uniting to become a wave that flows around objects and becomes turbulent”

In this image the growth filaments or strands seem to be encircling this opening in the medium; the circular hole that was cut in the agar gel – this looks as if it were liquid pouring through a hole. It would appear that the bacterium obeys the laws of fluid mechanics.

Tardigrades In Space (TARDIS)

A few years back I was trying to extract Tardigrades (Moss bear or Water piglet!)from old moss specimens at Manchester Museum – as it is reported that these animals can survive in a dehydrated state for over a hundred years. These are microscopic extremophiles that live in moss. I had no luck – but did find a multitude of other interesting microscopic artifacts. last night I found out that a satalite has been launched carrying a team of elite tardinauts into space to see if they are able to survive the solar radiation. “They also are resistant to levels of X-ray radiation that are hundreds of times more lethal to humans and other organisms. This resilience stems from the tardigrade’s ability to survive without water. ” If anything can survive the extreme conditions of open space – it will be Tardigrades- follow the link to this site to find out more…

Tardigrades In Space (TARDIS)

Tardigrades In Space or “TARDIS” is the first research project to evaluate the ability of tardigrades to survive under open space conditions. TARDIS is one of the projects within the Biopan-6 research platform provided by European Space Agency (ESA), and will be sent into space with the russian FOTON-M3 mission.

Cave spider exoskeleton

IMG_4880.jpg, originally uploaded by Antony Hall.

I just spent a week in luxemborge to present the ENKI project at a, exhibition and networking event. “dedicated to the European emerging creation, more than a hundred artists coming from all around Europe, Asia and Canada in the Pépinières programme.”
I took time out to explore the caves of the fortress near the exhibition and found this moldy spider exoskeleton hidden deep inside the rock.

Water shoes – walk on water!

I am proud to present a scanned in plans for the construction of water shoes. The “Hobbies New Annual” presents many projects such as building flying planes, radios and model dioramas etc – however this project stands out. I borrowed this book from my wifes father ages ago – he now accuses me of stealing it! As a child Harriet had always asked if he could make these – for obvious reasons he thought better of it. The book states…

“When complete – these will be suitable for day tripping on local water ways or for longer jaunts around the coast” Excellent – If any one is up for making a pair – perhaps you can join me next year for a water walk?

As you can see from these plans the design is constructed from an old waterproof coat, and other simple materials – surely with a little modification – a safe and working version of this can be made. The obvious concern in what happens when you fall over? I think these should be tried in shallow water first.

mega-fishes – Giant fish

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/07/070724-giant-fish.html

the newly launched Megafishes Project, the first effort to document, study, and protect the world’s largest freshwater fish.

The project aims to improve conservation of megafishes—species that grow to at least six feet (two meters) and weigh more than 200 pounds (90 kilograms). They include the mammoth taimen, catfish the size of bears, and half-ton river stingrays.

Brain waves

In preperation for the next ENKi event, me and Greg spent the day testing the neuro-graphic interface; as an experiment we patched a strong frequency via MIDI to a MAX patch so our brains were modulating all kinds of strange sounds. I dont yet fully understand MIDI – but Later this will combine with the enki interface as a form of feedback.  In this image you can see the  graphics of the brain activity and the  receiver boxes – the sensors are wireless and stuck to our foreheads.

Chemical waves – bz reaction

Finally got around to experimenting with the reaction – trying to work out the best way to get a dramatic visual result – sandwiching the mix between glass and the base of a petri dish worked well – but the waste gas product creates bubbles which eventually obscure the reaction – so we tried to get an even covering over the glass by getting it perfectly flat.

Nicks brother had an idea to try the reaction vertically – which worked amazingly well.

The Carnivorous Syndrome in 3D

I was reading about this project in Make magazine – he grows different carnivorous plants from seed, and has filmed the growth process over a year in 3D time-lapse using a LEGO robot to make stereo-graphs using a standard digital camera.

You can buy the DVD from the site (you will need 3D glasses to see the 3D effect).http://www.3dsyndrome.com

Pond life

Here is the original drawing from a project to create a sustainable ecosystem inside a globule of water (1999-2004) – I am just modifying this to include the addition of a laser to detect micro acoustic sounds and sub-sonic architectural noise. the droplet of liquid acts as a natural sensitive body – that can modulate the laser, acting like a lens.

Non-living Dissipative Systems

Its too late at night to be writing anything meaningful about slime molds, I have read that its is quite common to find it in the woods Looking at this site I think I may have actually seen some. This bears some relevance the the BZ reaction we have been working on…

“The investigation of such self-organizing chemical systems is still going on. All these chemical systems, mainly variants of the BZ-reaction, strongly point in the direction of corresponding biochemical processes in Organisms, for example the aggregation patterns of the Slime Mold. This mold consists of amoebae (unicellular animals) living on the forest floor. When starved (i.e. finding themselves in unfavorable conditions) they aggregate into a multicellular body which can then move in search of a more favorable habitat. The aggregation is triggered by the release of the compound cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from some of the amoebae”

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/slime1.htm /a>

Spiral waves in colonies of the mold Dictyostelium discoideum. These patterns are created when the mold forms aggregates in response to some external ‘ stress’, such as a lack of moisture or nutrients.

Robo-fin

These projects investigate numerous applications of Neurophysiology, Sensor based motion guidance, experimental methods include measurement of the propulsion capabilities of robotic models of electric fish “We’ve developed a hypothesis regarding why active sensing animals such as electric fish, bats, and rats tend to have highly accurate spatial maps of their surround. We are testing this hypothesis using fish mazes.”

the robo-fin is a robot based on the sinusoidal fin movements of the knife fish.

“Our research group pursues both empirical and modeling efforts in mechanics and neurobiology, integrating the two together within simulation environments.”

http://www.neuromech.northwestern.edu/uropatagium/

neurostimulation and fish

The earliest recorded human effort at neuro-stimulation appears to have been that of the Mesopotamian healer Scribonius Largus 47AD (?) who used electrical currents to produce transient pain relief.

By either the direct application of electrical torpedo fish (eels, of the type shown below) to the human body or by placing painful extremities into a pool of water containing torpedo fish the resulting electrical shocks stunned the nervous system allowing an immediate and residual numbness in the extremity.

In this application electrical torpedo fish were the very first means of achieving transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for therapeutic purposes. This form of treatment was particularly popular for the treatment of gouty arthritis.

Pliny (AD 61-113) commented on the fact that while the torpedo fish was not itself sluggish, it could induce sluggishness in other fish. He also detailed how to extract the medicinal magic of the torpedo fish into oils and ointments used for various ailments, or more popularly either to cool lust or to induce love.

In Plato’s (428-348 BC) dialoge Meno Socrates is told “you seem both in appearance and in your power over others to be like a torpedo fish, who torpifies those who come near him, as you have now torpified me, I think. For my soul and my tongue are really torpid and I do not know how to answer you.”

The affects of a shock from the electric Torpedo Fish, which lived in the Mediterranean, were well known. What caused of the affects was not. Aristotle (384-322 BC) said that the torpedo fish “narcotize” its prey.

BZ reaction

Last year my self and Nick Senior (Chemist and materials scientist) got together to recreate the BZ reaction – “The Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction is a spatio-temporal chemical oscillator.” which sounds excellent in its self – but to see this reaction for real is quite un-nerving in a strange way. I have made a page about it which has all the information on this (see pages) This year we are going to try and interface it with sensors to see if we can use the rhythmical pulses to control musical chords. hopefully this will be on show in Prague later in the year…

In this photo from our experiment last year – two spiral formations have developed, they rotate in synchronization and in opposite directions! the image covers about 5cm section of liquid squashed between glass.

BZ reaction page

The Institute of Science in Society

Dr Mae-Wan Ho is director of ISIS and among some really interesting research has developed a way of imaging living organisms as ‘liquid-crystal’ and other holistic approaches to looking at the organismn & has done a lot of research into finding a scientific basis for acupuncture; this looks at the relationship of collegen in cells, and the phenomenon of ‘ordered water’.

Live first instar Drosophila larva observed with a noninvasive imaging technique that produces interference colours in its tissues depending on the birefringent, liquid crystalline order of the constituent molecules.(1)

“The Institute of Science in Society (ISIS) founded by Mae-Wan Ho and Peter Saunders to work for social responsibility and sustainable approaches in science. A major part of our work is to promote critical public understanding of science and to engage both scientists and the public in open debate and discussion. ISIS has been providing inputs into the GM debate that would have been conspicuously lacking otherwise.”
www.i-sis.org.uk
“Science is intrinsically honest, open and pluralistic, and disagreements must be openly and democratically debated.”

Shielded Tents

Shielded Tents are based on the Faraday cage principle and are used to cut out electromagnetic interference – (wif, phone signals etc)

I have been considering using one of these to put people in while they interface with the fish. People have been making foil lined clothes to block out RFID scanners – so I am thinking I will need to make my own cage using a foil lining. as these cages are well expensive.
http://www.hollandshielding.com/faraday/shieldedtents.php

Neuromechanical Design

Any one keeping electric fish will note the particular and strange way they float around the tank swimming backwards and rolling from side to side – this research presents some interesting Neuromechanical explanations and visualizations of this…
http://www.cnse.caltech.edu/Research/reports/maciver-full.html

What is neuroethology?

[ by Carl Hopkins] “Neuroethology is the biological approach to the study of the neural basis of behavior. Thus, the focus is on the role of the nervous system in behavior, but the perspective is that which is called ‘ethological’. The ethological approach emphasizes the causation, the development, the evolution, and the function of behavior and neuroethologists seek to understand this in terms of neural circuits. Neuroethology is the study of natural behavior, which, in the older scientific literature, was called “instinctive behavior” or “innate behavior”. Neuroethologists base their studies on behavioral studies that often are done in the field on the animal’s own turf.”

electrical tracking systems

I found this article on http://www.jyi.org/news/nb.php?id=905 JYI, Inc. is a exciting, student-led initiative to broaden the scope of the undergraduate scientific experience. The experiment sounds quite interesting. The evolution of the mono-fin is apparently to minimize distortion if the fishes body while swimming (tis is one theory anyway) – and this suggests that it can also compensate for the swaying movements of plants purely through sensory response?

“Electric” Fish Illuminate How Brain Directs Movement
“Two properties of the fish, called glass knifefish, made them ideal for motion studies. First, the nocturnal fish “see” in the dark by emitting weak electric signals and gathering feedback through special electroreceptors in their brain cells. Second, the fish are capable of moving back and forth in a small tube, a behavior crucial to the study design.

The researchers used robotics to move a small plastic tube back and forth with increasing frequency. The fish, which used the tube as a hiding place, performed an electrical tracking technique to stay hidden in the tube as it moved. But the fish could only process the speed of the moving tube below a frequency of one motion per second (1Hz), a quality scientists describe as “low-pass” since receptors in brain cells only detect frequencies lower than a certain limit.

electro-sensitivity in sharks

The hammer head shark has to be the best looking of the sharks – I have only seen them on the “Blue planet” series – I was intrigued at the massive shoals where they seem to perform this odd twitch where the body flexes almost like a spasm – i was wandering if this has anything to do with generating a pulse of electricity that other sharks can detect? as thses sharks are not electrically active – but can only detect the electrical signals of muscle activity – such as small creatures under the sand….

“The ampullae of Lorenzini give the shark electrosense. The ampullae consist of small clusters of electrically sensitive receptor cells positioned under the skin in the shark’s head. These cells are connected to pores on the skin’s surface via small jelly-filled tubes. Scientists still don’t yet understand everything about these ampullary organs, but they do know the sensors let sharks “see” the weak electrical fields generated by living organisms. The range of electrosense seems to be fairly limited — a few feet in front of the shark’s nose — but this is enough to seek out fish and other prey hiding on the ocean floor.”

http://science.howstuffworks.com/shark2.htm